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#安装cmake
sudo apt-get install cmake
#安装build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev，可能需要换镜像源
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
sudo apt-get update

#安装包打开终端
mkdir build
cd ./build
#cmakeopencv
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
#安装编译内核4
sudo make -j4
#安装
sudo make install

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf

用gedit打开/etc/ld.so.conf
#在文件中加上一行 
include /usr/local/lib
#/user/local是opencv安装路径
sudo ldconfig,
#修改bash.bashrc 文件
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc 

在文件末尾加入：
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

source /etc/bash.bashrc